Gourley, Rehkemper & Lindholm

Traumatic brain injury is a head injury caused by any sudden physical damage to the brain. This usually occurs as a result of a sudden forceful blow to the head that can be caused by either the head hitting a nonmoving object such as the steering wheel of a car; a moving object hitting the head, such as would be seen in a violent assault; or something passing through the skull and piercing the brain. According to the National Institute of Health, the major cause of traumatic head injury in the United States is motor vehicle accidents.

Closed Head Injury

Open Head Injury

“Open head injury” means that the skull has been fractured. Obviously, this can cause severe injury but there are also times where the fracturing of the skull may work to alleviate built up pressure caused by bleeding and swelling which can in turn minimize the long term brain damage.

Symptoms of a brain injury can be confused with other problems just as brain damages to the frontal lobes can result in various ongoing effects such as those listed below.

• Dramatic increased or decreased talking
• Impaired perception for taking risks or abiding by rules
• Diminish or heightened outward socialization
• More frequent attention deficient
• Reduced problem solving abilities
• Reduced creative abilites
• Impaired spontaneous responses
• Peculiar sexual habits if the Orbital frontal lobe is damaged
• Reduced sexual drive if the Dorsolateral frontal lobe is damaged
• Complete loss of smell
• Complete loss of taste

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